Windows of Opportunity

Windows of Opportunity: Temporal Patterns of Technological Adaptation in Organizations, Tyre, Marcie J., and Orlikowski, W.J., Organization Sciences, 5(1), 98-118
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기업에서 IS 도입시 혹은 IS 프로젝트나 혁신활동을 수행할때.. IS Resistence는 중요한 문제이다.
영원히 없어지지 않을 이 저항의 문제.. 그 해결책은 어떤것일까??

사실 IS 활동을 할때, 특히 새로운 시스템을 도입할때 어떤 상황일 벌어질지 궁금했다. 정성적입장에선 설명할 방법이 있긴 하지만, 정량적, 실증적 입장에선 어떤 상황일까? 쉽게 측정하기 어려운 문제이다.

본 논문은 사용자의 기술수용시 벌어지는 이러한 사건에 대해 직시하고 있다. 몇몇 회사의 케이스스터디를 통해 기술 수용시의 상황을 설명하고 있다.
그 결로은 한마디로 Windows of Opportunity(기회를 위한 매우 짧은 시간) 이다.

저항이 없이 기술을 수행하는 시간은 매우 짧고 그 이후에는 강한 저항이 발생한다는 점이다. 이 것을 극복하기 위해서 구조화 이론의 modalities의 요소들을 사용하여 변화(새로운 프로젝트 수행, 직원의 변동, 강한 내외부 권력 발호)가 이루어 지지만 그 것또한 2번째 저항까지 가는 시간은 매우 짧다는 사실이다.

조직의 기술 저항을 구조화 이론관점에서 설명해 보고 싶은데.. 저항 자체가 발현되는 모습이나 극복해 가는 과정을 설명한다면 가능할지도 모르겠다. 좋은 논문주제가 될것 같긴한데.. 쉽지않을듯..

Warren.pak
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Adaptation of Technologies in USE
-      New Technologies are almost never perfect initial Introduction
-       User’s Efforts to  Apply Technologies  reveal Problems that were not apparent  before introduction.

l  Critical Reasons

 1) User’s adaptations often help to shape further development and research.

 2) The Operating efficiency achieved with a new Technology depends heavily on user’s modifications

 3) Modifications affect not just the technology-in-use, but also its physical and organizational context

l   Research Question

 1) What is the pattern of technological adaptation in Organization?

 2) What organizational forces help to explain the pattern of adaptation observed over time?

l  The timing of Technological adaptation

- Technological adaptation : Adjustment and change following installation of a new technology in a given setting

-       Adaptation :  physical aspects of technology, user’s procedures, assumptions, knowledge, relationships.

-      The innovation and Behavior literature : Conflicting Implications about the timing of Technological adaptation, Innovation : Continuous Pattern  Vs Behavior : The pattern of modification was uneven

-       Innovation Field Studies

à .. Adaptive problem solving in user organizations should be gradual and persistent.

à The longer the period of trial and error to continue, the greater the chances of the new program achieving.

-       Behavior Field Studies

à the longer the approach has been used, the greater their rigidity

à People motivation to engage in effortful problem solving is not constant over time.

à Familiarity breeds routinized response patterns

à The attention and behavioral to discover and respond to problems in the use of a given technology may be applied discontinuously over time

 

l  Timing of Technological Adaptation Following Introduction

 

-      Adaptation efforts appeared to fall off abruptly after a short initial introduction period.

-       The initial period – finite window of opportunity 

-      Mentioned and Observed Four factors

1) The pressure of production

2) The constraining effect of habitual pattern of use

3) The adjustment of expectations based on experience

4) The erosion of team membership and enthusiasm over time

 

l  Discussion

-      Reveal a pattern of adaptation that is discontinuous or episodic.

-       What appears to be “continuous improvement” may be described as the sum of discrete episodes of adaptive activity carried out at different times and applied to different technologies.

-        The initial episode of adaptation is especially important. (This Period : Installation a window of opportunity)

-        How do organizational actors allocate attention to regular production work as opposed to the technologies ?